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The Duke of Normandy was the title given to the rulers of the Duchy of Normandy in northern France, a fief created in AD 911 by King Charles III "the Simple" of France for Rollo, a Scandinavian nobleman and leader of Northmen. In 1066 the reigning duke, William the Bastard, conquered England, whereupon he became known as King William I "the Conqueror" of England. From then on, the duke of Normandy and the king of England were usually the same man, until the king of France seized Normandy from King John in 1204. John's son Henry III renounced the ducal claim in the Treaty of Paris (1259). Thereafter, the duchy formed an integral part of the French royal demesne. The Valois kings of France started a tradition of granting the title to their heirs apparent, until this was supplanted by the title ''Dauphin''. The title was granted four times between the French conquest of Normandy by Philip Augustus and the dissolution of the French monarchy in 1792. ==Rollo the Viking== The fiefdom of Normandy was created in 911 for the Viking leader Rollo (also known as Rolf). After participating in many Viking incursions along the Seine, culminating in the siege of Paris in 886, Rollo was finally defeated by King Charles the Simple. With the Treaty of St.-Claire-sur-Epte, Rollo swore fealty to the French King, converted to Christianity and was baptized with the name Robert. Charles then granted Rollo territories around Rouen, which came to be called Normandy after the ''Northmen'' (Latinised ''Normanni''). Rollo and his immediate successors were styled as "counts" of Normandy. Some later medieval sources refer to them by the title ''dux'', the Latin word from which the English word "duke" is derived; however, Rollo's great-grandson Richard II was the first to assuredly be styled "Duke of Normandy". Although certain titles were used interchangeably during this period, the title of "duke" was typically reserved for the highest rank of feudal nobility — either those who owed homage and fealty directly to kings, or who were independent sovereigns (primarily distinguished from kings by not having dukes as vassals). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Duke of Normandy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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